3、子查询？
3.1、什么是子查询？
select语句中嵌套select语句，被嵌套的select语句称为子查询。
3.2、子查询都可以出现在哪里呢？
select
…(select).
from
…(select).
where
…(select).
3.3、where子句中的子查询
案例：找出比最低工资高的员工姓名和工资？
select
ename,sal
from
emp
where
sal > min(sal);
ERROR 1111 (HY000): Invalid use of group function
where子句中不能直接使用分组函数。
实现思路：
第一步：查询最低工资是多少
select min(sal) from emp;
+----------+
| min(sal) |
+----------+
| 800.00 |
+----------+
第二步：找出>800的
select ename,sal from emp where sal > 800;
第三步：合并
select ename,sal from emp where sal > (select min(sal) from emp);
+--------+---------+
| ename | sal |
+--------+---------+
| ALLEN | 1600.00 |
| WARD | 1250.00 |
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| KING | 5000.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 |
| JAMES | 950.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
+--------+---------+
3.4、from子句中的子查询
注意：from后面的子查询，可以将子查询的查询结果当做一张临时表。（技巧）
案例：找出每个岗位的平均工资的薪资等级。
第一步：找出每个岗位的平均工资（按照岗位分组求平均值）
select job,avg(sal) from emp group by job;
+-----------+-------------+
| job | avgsal |
+-----------+-------------+
| ANALYST | 3000.000000 |
| CLERK | 1037.500000 |
| MANAGER | 2758.333333 |
| PRESIDENT | 5000.000000 |
| SALESMAN | 1400.000000 |
+-----------+-------------+t表
第二步：克服心理障碍，把以上的查询结果就当做一张真实存在的表t。
mysql> select * from salgrade; s表
+-------+-------+-------+
| GRADE | LOSAL | HISAL |
+-------+-------+-------+
| 1 | 700 | 1200 |
| 2 | 1201 | 1400 |
| 3 | 1401 | 2000 |
| 4 | 2001 | 3000 |
| 5 | 3001 | 9999 |
+-------+-------+-------+
t表和s表进行表连接，条件：t表avg(sal) between s.losal and s.hisal;
select
t.*, s.grade
from
(select job,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by job) t
join
salgrade s
on
t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal;
+-----------+-------------+-------+
| job | avgsal | grade |
+-----------+-------------+-------+
| CLERK | 1037.500000 | 1 |
| SALESMAN | 1400.000000 | 2 |
| ANALYST | 3000.000000 | 4 |
| MANAGER | 2758.333333 | 4 |
| PRESIDENT | 5000.000000 | 5 |
+-----------+-------------+-------+
3.5、select后面出现的子查询（这个内容不需要掌握，了解即可！！！）
案例：找出每个员工的部门名称，要求显示员工名，部门名？
select
e.ename,e.deptno,(select d.dname from dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno) as dname
from
emp e;
+--------+--------+------------+
| ename | deptno | dname |
+--------+--------+------------+
| SMITH | 20 | RESEARCH |
| ALLEN | 30 | SALES |
| WARD | 30 | SALES |
| JONES | 20 | RESEARCH |
| MARTIN | 30 | SALES |
| BLAKE | 30 | SALES |
| CLARK | 10 | ACCOUNTING |
| SCOTT | 20 | RESEARCH |
| KING | 10 | ACCOUNTING |
| TURNER | 30 | SALES |
| ADAMS | 20 | RESEARCH |
| JAMES | 30 | SALES |
| FORD | 20 | RESEARCH |
| MILLER | 10 | ACCOUNTING |
+--------+--------+------------+
//错误：ERROR 1242 (21000): Subquery returns more than 1 row
select
e.ename,e.deptno,(select dname from dept) as dname
from
emp e;
注意：对于select后面的子查询来说，这个子查询只能一次返回1条结果，
多于1条，就报错了。！